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The genus Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is one of the most species-rich fungal genera, with thousands of species reported. Cortinarius species are important ectomycorrhizal fungi and form associations with many vascular plants globally. Until recently Cortinarius …
Read PDFPlasmids are important drivers of evolutionary transformations and ecological adaptation in prokaryotes. Plasmids supplying the host with beneficial functions may become domesticated and gain a stable inheritance within the host lineage. Domesticated plasmids may comprise …
Read PDFThe Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) Spotted Eagle Ray, Aetobatus laticeps Gill, 1865, is an understudied species with limited information on its ecology and conservation status. Only in the last 10 years has this lineage been …
Read PDFThe phylogenetic tree has been a core conceptual tool for evolutionary biology for nearly 200 years. This editorial explores the role of the tree as a metaphor, discussing two new PLOS Biology Essays that look …
Read PDFCyanobacteria are globally occurring photosynthetic bacteria notable for their contribution to primary production and production of toxins which have detrimental ecosystem impacts. Furthermore, cyanobacteria can form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with a diverse set of eukaryotes, …
Read PDFLatitudinal variation plays an important role in driving local adaptation and intraspecific polymorphism across a wide range of organisms. Among teleost fishes, populations from higher latitude tend to have more vertebrae than those from lower …
Read PDFMechanical stress, a ubiquitous physical stimulus, triggers oxidative stress through mechanotransduction in diverse organisms, driving the evolution of antioxidant defense systems. This perspective deciphers the molecular evolutionary principles governing these antioxidant strategies, uncovering both conserved …
Read PDF<h4>Background</h4>The zinc finger-homeodomain (ZF-HD) transcription factor family exerts pivotal regulatory functions in plant development and stress responses, yet a systematic genome-wide survey is lacking for <i>Rosa chinensis</i>.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide identification …
Read PDF<h4>Premise</h4>There is a general lack of consensus on the best practices for filtering of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and whether it is better to use SNPs or include flanking regions (full "locus") in phylogenomic analyses and …
Read PDFJawless vertebrates once dominated Palaeozoic waters, but just two lineages have persisted to the present day: lampreys and hagfishes. Living lampreys are a relatively small clade, with just over 50 species described, but knowledge of …
Read PDFNorth Africa has a poorly and unevenly known hoverfly fauna. <i>Xanthogramma</i> Schiner, 1861 (Syrphinae, Syrphini) is represented in this territory by some scattered records of four species, <i>Xanthogramma dives</i> (Rondani, 1857), <i>Xanthogramma evanescens</i> Becker & …
Read PDFRecent studies on oestroidean Diptera (Brachycera) are providing a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the evolutionary history of this remarkably diverse clade of holometabolous insects. The Oestroidea, which includes formidable pests such as various blowflies, …
Read PDF<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Chloroplast genomes (plastomes) are valuable for fern systematics, yet the epiphytic lineages have remained underexplored. <b>Methods</b>: The <i>Davallia trichomanoides</i> plastome was de novo assembled from Illumina data and annotated. <b>Results</b>: The plastome measures 154,217 …
Read PDFThe environmental conditions play a crucial role in determining crop yield, which is essential for ensuring food and nutritional security. However, rapid climate change is exacerbating global environmental stress, leading to severe biotic pressures on …
Read PDFThe cotton seed bug, <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i> Costa (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), is an invasive cotton pest detected in California, United States, in 2019. This report details the assembly and annotation of a reference genome for <i>O. hyalinipennis</i>, …
Read PDFPolygala species are rich in saponin molecules and are traditionally used for medical purposes. Research on the chloroplast (cp) genome of Polygala is crucial to understanding its phylogenetics, biogeography, and species identification. In this study, …
Read PDFThe field of microbial taxonomy is dynamic, aiming to provide a stable and contemporary classification system for prokaryotes. Traditionally, reliance on phenotypic characteristics limited the comprehensive understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The introduction of …
Read PDFMeasures of tree balance play an important role in many different research areas such as mathematical phylogenetics or theoretical computer science. Typically, tree balance is quantified by a single number which is assigned to the …
Read PDFThe study of ant morphology is advancing through parallel insights provided by phylogenomics-which provides a statistically robust basis for comparison and evolutionary inference-and phenomics via the application of microcomputed tomography (µ-CT) for the efficient and …
Read PDF<h4>Background</h4>The suamc genus Rhus (sensu stricto) includes two subgenera, Lobadium (ca. 25 spp.) and Rhus (ca. 10 spp.). Their members, R. glabra and R. typhina (Rosanae: Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), are two economic important species. Chloroplast genome …
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