Revision of the North African Hoverflies of the Genus <i>Xanthogramma</i> Schiner, 1861 (Diptera: Syrphidae), with Description of a New Species

North Africa has a poorly and unevenly known hoverfly fauna. <i>Xanthogramma</i> Schiner, 1861 (Syrphinae, Syrphini) is represented in this territory by some scattered records of four species, <i>Xanthogramma dives</i> (Rondani, 1857), <i>Xanthogramma evanescens</i> Becker & Stein, 1913 (endemic to North Africa), <i>Xanthogramma marginale</i> (Loew, 1854), and <i>Xanthogramma pedissequum</i> (Harris, 1776). After examination of old <i>Xanthogramma</i> material collected in Tanger, Morocco, from the 'Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain (MNCN)', specimens with distinctive morphology were spotted and found to be different from a syntype of <i>X. evanescens</i> collected in the same locality. Consequently, we revised all the available material of <i>Xanthogramma</i> from North Africa, characterised a new species, proposed a lectotype for <i>X. evanescens</i>, and provided an identification key to the North African species of this genus. The new species is also found in Tunisia and differs from <i>X. evanescens</i> in facial width, colour of the thoracic pleura, length of mesonotum hairs, wing pollinosity, and shape of the yellow maculae on tergum 2.