Research progress in single‑cell omics technologies for kidney disease (Review)

The kidney is a vital organ for maintaining metabolic balance within the body and facilitating excretion. Its complex tissue structure comprises diverse cell types, including glomerular, tubular, interstitial and immune cells. The highly differentiated nature of these cells presents challenges for investigating kidney disease mechanisms. In recent years, the rapid advancement of single‑cell omics technologies has provided novel perspectives for renal research. These techniques have revealed the diversity and heterogeneity of renal cells, enabling precise identification of multiple immune cell types within the kidney. These findings further elucidate the dynamic changes in renal immune cells during disease progression and their interactions with other renal cells, laying a foundation for in‑depth analysis of renal disease pathogenesis. The present review aims to summarize the current applications of single‑cell omics technologies in renal ageing and kidney diseases, providing crucial insights for deciphering disease mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets.