Recent advances in omics-based research of mitral valve disease

Mitral valve disease (MVD), particularly mitral valve prolapse (MVP), is a common heart valve condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Its pathological mechanism is complex, involving multiple factors such as extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammatory responses, and genetic susceptibility. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing and analysis technologies, omics approaches including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and multi-omics integration have been widely used in MVD research. These technologies have greatly deepened our understanding of the molecular basis of the disease. This review systematically organizes the scientific literature from the past decade on the use of omics technologies to study mitral valve disease, especially MVP and myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). We classify the findings into genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and multi-omics analysis. We summarize the core discoveries in each area and discuss future research directions, with the goal to provide a theoretical basis for developing new diagnostic markers and targeted therapeutic strategies.