Investigation of the Viromes of Solanaceous Weeds in Hungary Using High-Throughput Sequencing Adds New Insights to Their Hidden Complexity

Weed control of solanaceous weeds growing with solanaceous crops is a constant challenge. Infected by viruses, they can also act as virus reservoirs, complicating this problem further. Viromes of annual <i>Solanum nigrum</i>, <i>Datura stramonium</i>, and <i>Solanum dulcamara</i>, a perennial climbing shrub, were investigated using RNA sequencing and validated using RT-PCR, revealing infection with nine viruses. Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV1), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and potato virus M (PVM) were found to infect <i>S. nigrum</i>. Investigating only 46 plants revealed infection with <i>Solanum dulcamara</i> yellow fleck virus (SDYFV) not only in <i>S. dulcamara</i> but in a new host, <i>D. stramonium</i>, which also represents a new host of turnip yellows virus (TuYV). We described the first presence of a potato virus H (PVH)-like, and Oxybasis rubra mitovirus 1 (OxruMV1)-like virus in Europe, in <i>S. dulcamara</i> as a new host. Our results highlight the unexpected complexity of the viromes of solanaceous weeds, which should be considered during reliable and efficient plant protection strategies, in order to alleviate the virus reservoir role of the weeds.