Integrative research on technology-assisted physical activity and biological aging: a review of wearable sensors, tele-exercise platforms, and aging biomarkers

As global populations age rapidly, extending healthy lifespan has become a major public health priority. Physical exercise is widely recognized as a key strategy to slow functional decline and promote healthy aging, but its effectiveness and optimal prescription likely vary across individuals and should be evaluated using objective technologies and validated biomarkers. This review summarizes recent developments in technology-assisted physical activity and examines how wearable sensors, tele-exercise platforms, and digital health applications can improve adherence and enable individualized interventions for older adults. It also discusses how biological aging biomarkersons for oldepigenetic clocks, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers, and organ-specific plasma proteomicss, and organsto quantify exercise-related changes in biological aging and support mechanistic interpretation. This review discusses current translational challenges and future research directions, and proposes a biomarker-informed precision exercise anti-aging framework to support healthy aging through innovative technology-assisted physical activity interventions. Specifically, we ask: (i) which technology modalities and intervention components most effectively support sustained, individualized physical activity in older adults, and (ii) which validated biological aging biomarkers can serve as actionable endpoints to quantify geroprotective effects.