Full text 2025

Francisella tularensis Subspecies holarctica in Stranded Beluga Whales, Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA

Rouse N, Buttler J, Pabilonia K, et al.

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Abstract

We report fatal tularemia in stranded beluga whales in Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA. Francisella tularensis was detected by nanopore metagenomics, confirmed by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, and characterized as F. tularensis subspecies holarctica by multilocus sequence typing. Our findings should be considered when assessing biosecurity and marine mammal health in the North Pacific.

Keywords

Bacteria Cetacean Marine mammal Francisella tularensis United States Tularemia Alaska Metagenomics Nanopore Mlst Beluga Whale Holarctica