Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Metagenomics Next-generation Sequencing in Neurobrucellosis in Children

<h4>Objective</h4>To explore the clinical characteristics of neurobrucellosis in children and the diagnostic value of metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid and traditional microbial detection methods.<h4>Methods</h4>Three patients in the pediatrics department from April 2022 to October 2023 were diagnosed with brucellosis, and 5 mL of cerebrospinal fluid was taken and sent for routine biochemical, bacterial Gram-stained smear, antacid-stained smear, ink staining, bacterial culture and second-generation sequencing of the microgeneration of the cerebrospinal fluid, respectively (Beijing AJiAn Genetics Medical Laboratory). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging, blood culture and blood Brucella antibody test were also performed to summarize the clinical features and pathogenic analysis.<h4>Results</h4>The chief presentations were fever, headache, vomiting, somnolence and positive signs of meningeal irritation in all patients. Case 3: persistent hemiparesis of the left limb and cerebral infarction. Brucella was detected by cerebrospinal fluid mNGS in all cases, with sequence numbers of 5252, 162 and 59 Brucella and relative abundances of 80.26%, 6.14% and 1.06%, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid cultures were negative, and blood cultures were positive in case 3.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The clinical characteristics of neurobrucellosis in children are variable, and meningoencephalitis is common. Traditional microbiological tests are difficult to detect Brucella, whereas cerebrospinal fluid mNGS can provide a precise diagnosis.