Chromosomal-level genome assembly of the autotetraploid Anoectochilus roxburghii (Jinxianlian, Orchidaceae)

Anoectochilus roxburghii (Orchidaceae), commonly known as Jinxianlian, is a highly valued traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of the cultivar 'Jinkang No.1'. Genome survey analyses suggest that the cultivar is an autotetraploid. The assembled genome spans 5.17 Gb, with a contig N50 of 24.90 Mb, and 93.4% (4.82 Gb) is anchored onto 80 pseudo-chromosomes across 20 homologous groups. Annotation of the genome assembly identifies 76.42% repetitive elements and 88,106 protein-coding genes, with 94.6% of these genes functionally annotated. Ks analysis of collinear gene pairs indicates a recent species-specific polyploidization event, likely resulting in autotetraploidization. This reference genome provides a valuable resource for functional genomics, evolutionary biology, and molecular breeding studies of A. roxburghii and its related species.