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Aerobic ammonia oxidation is crucial to the nitrogen cycle and is only known to be performed by a small number of bacterial lineages [ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)] and a single lineage of archaea belonging to the …
Read PDFHybridization is widespread across diverse groups of organisms, and in some cases, organellar genomes of one species become fixed in another following hybridization and backcrossing, a phenomenon known as organelle capture. Because cytoplasmic genomes can …
Read PDFSynchronizing mating to extrinsic environmental cycles can increase the chance of successful reproduction, and the resulting temporally-assorted mating may precipitate speciation if coupled with divergent selection. This process might be particularly relevant to the marine …
Read PDFConcerted gains and losses of genomic features such as genes and mobile genetic elements can provide key clues into related functional roles and shared evolutionary trajectories. By capturing phylogenetic signals, a coevolutionary model can outperform …
Read PDFFor a set of binary unrooted subtrees generating all binary unrooted trees compatible with them, i.e. generating their stand, is one of the classical problems in phylogenetics. Here, we introduce Gentrius-an efficient algorithm to tackle …
Read PDFThalasseus bernsteini (Chinese crested tern), known as the rarest tern in the world, has become critically endangered with a severely diminished population. Understanding its genetic diversity is crucial for conservation efforts. However, no genomic resource …
Read PDFNext-generation sequencing technologies are revolutionizing the fields of genomics, phylogenetics, and population genetics. These new genomic approaches have been extensively applied to a major group of parasites, the lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) of birds and mammals. …
Read PDFSex role differentiation is a widespread phenomenon. Sex pheromones are often associated with sex roles and convey sex-specific information. In Lepidoptera, females release sex pheromones to attract males, which evolve sophisticated olfactory structures to relay …
Read PDF<b>Background.</b> Rates of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), particularly those harbouring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemases, are increasing globally. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are vulnerable to healthcare-associated infection (HCAI). Surveillance for carriage …
Read PDF<h4>Introduction</h4>The "<i>Saccharum</i> complex" comprises several closely related genera (<i>Tripidium/Erianthus</i>, <i>Miscanthus</i> and <i>Narenga</i>) which may hybridize with <i>Saccharum</i>, contributing to the origin of modern sugarcane. Sugarcane (<i>Saccharum</i> spp.) has one of the most complex crop genomes, …
Read PDFThe allotetraploid wild grass Aegilops ventricosa (2n = 4x = 28, genome D<sup>v</sup>D<sup>v</sup>N<sup>v</sup>N<sup>v</sup>) has been recognized as an important germplasm resource for wheat improvement owing to its ability to tolerate biotic stresses. In particular, the …
Read PDF<i>Bifidobacterium breve</i> is recognized as a probiotic with immune-enhancing properties. However, our previous studies revealed that this species is present at a higher relative abundance in the gut microbiome of infants with atopic dermatitis (AD). …
Read PDFHerpesvirus infections, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV), present significant challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and transmission control. Despite advances in medical technology, managing these infections remains complex due to the …
Read PDFBacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by different species of bacteria, especially the Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB). <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> is widely applied in the industry and stands out as Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances (BLIS) producer known …
Read PDFEukaryotic genes usually encode proteins and contain exons in different size, including micro and small exon categories. However, genome-wide gene exon-intron organizations and their conservation across angiosperms have not been investigated. Among exons of protein-coding …
Read PDFColobognatha, a group of millipedes (Diplopoda) known for their unique biological traits (<i>e.g.,</i> brood care and sociality), is the only group among millipedes to produce terpenoid alkaloids. Before 2020, only four terpenoid alkaloids had been …
Read PDF<h4>Background</h4>Chloranthaceae is a pantropical family of flowering plants distributed mainly across Central and South America, East Asia, and the Pacific, encompassing approximately 73 species belonging to four extant genera-Ascarina, Chloranthus, Hedyosmum, and Sarcandra. As one …
Read PDFLimestone karsts are renowned for extremely high species richness and endemism. <i>Aspidistra</i> (Asparagaceae) is among the highly diversified genera distributed in karst areas, making it an ideal group for studying the evolutionary mechanisms of karst …
Read PDF<h4>Background</h4>Rhodococcus equi is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that can cause infections in various hosts, including humans and animals. Host-associated virulence plasmids have been identified as key contributors to the pathogenicity of R. equi and potentially …
Read PDFActinobacteria associated with medicinal plants are recognized as prolific sources of novel bioactive compounds. Kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>) leaves have been reported to contain a diverse array of secondary metabolites with pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, …
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