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The sequencing of a kidney sample (KW2013002) from a stranded Megaptera novaeangliae (Humpback whale) calf is the first chromosome-level reference genome for this species<sup>1</sup>. The calf, a 457 cm and 2,500 lbs male, was found …
Read PDFEukaryotic genes usually encode proteins and contain exons in different size, including micro and small exon categories. However, genome-wide gene exon-intron organizations and their conservation across angiosperms have not been investigated. Among exons of protein-coding …
Read PDF<h4>Background</h4>Phylogenetic research in Tulipa (Liliaceae), a genus of significant economic and horticultural value, has relied on limited nuclear (mostly nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, nrITS) and plastid DNA sequences, resulting in low-resolution phylogenetic trees and …
Read PDFThe evolution of seeds transformed life on earth and is responsible for our most important food crops. Gymnosperms, the oldest living seed plants, are an untapped genomic reservoir for genes involved in seed evolution. To …
Read PDFPhylogenetic clock models translate inferred amounts of evolutionary change (calculated from either genotypes or phenotypes) into estimates of elapsed time, providing a mechanism for time scaling phylogenetic trees. Relaxed-clock models, which accommodate variation in evolutionary …
Read PDFThe medial preoptic area (mPOA) regulates the probability and intensity of singing behavior in birds. Polzin and colleagues examined the molecular changes in the mPOA that were associated with gregarious song in European starlings (Sturnus …
Read PDF<h4>Background</h4>The ANA-grade, encompassing early-diverging angiosperm lineages, Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales, represents a fundamental phase in the evolutionary history of flowering plants. Since the completion of key assembly of the Amborella genome, the continuous influx of …
Read PDFBats are asymptomatic reservoirs of several zoonotic viruses. This may result from long-term co-evolution between viruses and bats, that have led to host adaptations contributing to an effective balance between strong antiviral responses with innate …
Read PDF<i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> (Hendel) is a major fruit-feeding pest that poses a severe and persistent threat to the horticulture industry in tropical and subtropical regions. Methyl eugenol (ME) is a powerful male-specific attractant phytochemical and pheromone …
Read PDF<h4>Background</h4>The inconsistency between morphological and genetic evidence has consistently presented a challenge in taxonomy. The genus Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) comprises perennial herbs found primarily in eastern and southeastern Asia. This group has received limited systematic study …
Read PDFArthropoda represents the most diverse animal phylum, but clarifying the phylogenetic relationships among arthropod taxa remains challenging given the numerous arthropod lineages that diverged over a short period of time. In order to resolve the …
Read PDFGregarines are a large and diverse subgroup of Apicomplexa, a lineage of obligate animal symbionts including pathogens such as <i>Plasmodium</i>, the malaria parasite. Unlike <i>Plasmodium</i>, however, gregarines are poorly studied, despite the fact that as …
Read PDF<h4>Introduction</h4><i>Picea asperata</i> Mast. as a kind of keystone coniferous plant, lives in alpine and subalpine regions of Southwest China and takes on very important ecological and economic tasks there. But with the increasingly serious global …
Read PDFHorizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) is a hallmark of the evolution of parasitic plants, facilitated by the haustorial connection. While mitochondrial HGT is widespread, the extent of nuclear HGT and the long-term retention of foreign genetic …
Read PDFThe evolutionary relationships among decapodiform lineages (cuttlefish and diverse types of squid) remain uncertain, with implications for the origin of internalized structures (for example, gladius, cuttlebone and coiled shell) derived from the ancestral chambered shell …
Read PDFThe Carboniferous myriapod <i>Arthropleura</i> is the largest arthropod of all time, but its fossils are usually incomplete, limiting the understanding of its anatomy, ecology, and relationships. Micro-computed tomography applied to exceptionally preserved specimens from the …
Read PDFMutualistic symbioses have contributed to major transitions in the evolution of life. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history and the molecular innovations at the origin of lichens, which are a symbiosis established between fungi and …
Read PDFPhylogenomic data enriched with informative loci have significantly improved phylogenetic resolution and facilitated the elucidation of evolutionary mechanisms underlying phylogenetic discordance. Species of the East Asian lineage (EAL) within the Allium subgenus Anguinum are widespread …
Read PDFAll animals live in tight association with complex microbial communities, yet studying the effects of individual bacteria remains challenging. Bacterial feeding nematodes are powerful systems to study host-microbe interactions as worms can be grown on …
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